The Destruction of the Dubova Shtetl

Written by Yiddish writer Rokhl Faygnberg, The Destruction of the Dubova Shtetl is a powerful account of the elimination of the Jewish community of one shtetl during the pogroms of the Russian Civil War, 1918-1921.

Based on her personal interviews with survivors, Faygnberg presents a detailed description of the evisceration of the vibrant Jewish community of Dubova, which, after enduring torture, killings, and destruction—was ultimately wiped off the map of Ukraine. In this unique memorial book, translated into English here for the first time, Faygnberg chronicles the demise of a typical shtetl, which like so many others at the time, was caught up in the genocidal violence of the civil war, a period that is largely forgotten, overshadowed by the Holocaust that took place in these same lands some twenty years later. The biographical details of the Jewish community members of Dubova provide a moving portrait of the familiar and neighborly relations, as well as of the pettiness of everyday life on the eve of destruction, made of conflict, class tension, and intermarriage. Faygnberg’s narrative also captures the extreme violence of the pogroms of the Russian Civil War, by dwelling on the perpetrators’ actions and motivations, and on the intimacy of genocide made of neighbors killing neighbors, and by bringing to life the Jewish community’s desperate attempts to resist and survive the brutality.

By building on the most recent historiography on the Russian Civil War and anti-Jewish violence, Elissa Bemporad expertly contextualizes the destruction of the shtetl of Dubova within the political and military events of 1918-1921 in the volume’s introduction. Bemporad explores both the perpetrators’ motivations and the victims’ responses to the pogroms, as well as examining the original writing produced by Rokhl Faygnberg, whose genre straddles between a historical chronicle based on witness accounts, and a work of literature. Lastly, the introduction discusses the fascinating history of Faygnberg’s text, uncovering the different political and cultural purposes it served at different times and what it can tell us about anti-Jewish violence today.