Security Options for Malaysia in the 1990s

Since 1975 there have been considerable changes in Malaysia. Among these are the internal issues of fundamentalism and political bipolarism and external security problems associated with the emergence of a belligerent Vietnam supported by the Soviet Union. Changes in the superpower balance of power in the region and the normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China also impact on Malaysia's security. These changes demand that Malaysia review her security options. Through examining threats to Malaysian security and analyzing the options available to counter those threats, this thesis recommends a security option for Malaysia to adopt in the 1990s. The author concludes that the best option for Malaysia is a combination of measures to meet both the internal and external threats. To solve internal issues the author recommends a continuation of existing social, economic and political programs that aim at developing national unity, ensuring the equitable growth of each element of Malaysia's multi-ethnic society and breaking away from politics of communalism. Against the external threat the author suggests a strengthening of ties with ASEAN, upgrading Malaysia's own defence capability and increased defence cooperation with traditional Commonwealth allies and regional neighbours.