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Emulsion Copolymerization of 1-Olefins with Carbon Monoxide
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Three types of palladium complexes with hydroxyalkyl, phosphonate and amine substituents attached to the phosphorus donors were employed in the emulsion copolymerization of propene/CO, butene/CO, and propene/butene/CO. Depending on the chain-length of the phosphorus attached substituents in the catalysts, four variables for the propene/CO, butene/CO, and propene/butene/CO copolymers were controlled: (i) the regioregularity; (ii) the molecular weight, and (iii) the glass transition temperature and the melting point (Tg and Tm). Stable dispersions are obtained by introduction of undecenoic acid as a third or fourth monomer into the propene/CO, butene/CO, and propene/butene/CO copolymers and no phase separation, or the formation of a coagulum within ten weeks were observed. In these latices, hydrophilic carboxylic acid moieties covalently bound to the particle surface contribute to the stabilization. Using phase-transfer agents, namely methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (W7 M 1.8) in the process of the co- and terpolymerization of hydrophobic monomers in the emulsion polymerization led to better results.
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